Bad homburg vor der höhe local time3/24/2024 ![]() ![]() The few remaining restrictions were removed when the electorate became a part of the new kingdom of Westphalia, after the peace of Tilsit in 1807. The Jews were now permitted to attend public schools and the universities, and to have full rights of settlement and trade. His toleration edict of May 13, 1781, was accepted in Hesse-Cassel and went into force there on Oct. From the seventeenth century the relations of the Jews to the government and their individual and communal life were regulated at diets called by the ruler, which assemblies all Jewish subjects were compelled to attend.Ī better day dawned with the accession of the German emperor Joseph II. From time to time oppressive decrees were issued, relating to the admission of Jews, rights of habitation, acquisition of real estate, commerce, worship, etc. (1650-63) granted the Jews special concessions, which were renewed by succeeding rulers. Yet in 1655 the petitions of the cities that desired to expel the Jews were rejected. During the regency of Landgravine Amalie Elizabeth severe edicts against the Jews were issued (1646) conversionist sermons were introduced by the state and a special catechism for Jews was printed (1655). During his reign the first "Juden-Landtag" was held. (1592-1627), was also tolerant, he protected the Jews in their trade and commerce, and permitted them to engage a district rabbi (1616). The first regent, Wilhelm IV., the Wise (1567-92), protected the Jews: he annulled the oppressive decrees concerning them, and established the principle of general toleration. Sovereign German electorate down to 1866 now incorporated with the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. The divisions that chiefly concern Jews are Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Hesse-Homburg. Philip divided his territory among his sons. This decree was amplified in 15 and the Jews were forced to listen to Christian sermons. In 1539, however, he promulgated a decree to the effect that the Jews should not resist efforts made to convert them they were forbidden to build new synagogues and their commerce was restricted. In 1524 he proposed to expel them but in 1532 he again took them under his protection and in 1538 he praised them for many acts of kindness which they had shown to his non-Jewish subjects in money-lending transactions. Prince Philip the Magnanimous (1509-67) devoted much attention to the Jews in his dominions. They were "Kammerknechte" ofthe empire, subject to numerous disabilities, taxed, and persecuted, as, for example, toward the end of the thirteenth century at Frankenberg and Geismar, and at the time of the Black Death in many places. After the organization of the county of Hesse, with the capital Hesse-Cassel (1247), and its elevation into an independent principality (1292), individual Jewish families were to be found in many localities. The only Jews mentioned in documents relating to its early history are those of some parts of Thuringia. Alice Maud Mary, Grand-Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadtįormer landgraviate of the German-Roman empire. ![]()
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